Chapter 6
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1. Explain the importance of manufacturing industries.
(i) Manufacturing industries help us in modernizing agriculture which is the backbone of our economy.
(ii) They provide people a number of jobs in secondary and tertiary sector. Thus they reduce heavy dependence on agricultural sector.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce and give foreign exchange to our country.
(iv) Prosperous countries of the world are those in which raw materials are transformed into a variety of finished goods. Hence India’s prosperity lies in its development in manufacturing industries as equally as possible.
(v) Regional disparities are also reduced by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
2. Name the factors which influence the industrial location. What criteria is considered the most important.
a) Factors of industrial location are availability of raw material, labour, power, market and transport.
b) Manufacturing industries start at the place where all the above factors are available or they can be arranged at lower cost.
3. Classify industries on various basis.
On the basis of raw material:
• Agro based industries: use agricultural products as raw material. Example --- cotton, jute, silk, woolen textile, rubber, sugar, edible oil etc..
• Mineral based industries: are those which use minerals as raw material. Example --- iron and steel, cement, aluminium smelting industries.
On the basis of industries:
• Basic industries --- finished products of these industries are used as raw materials of other industries. Example --- iron and steel, copper and aluminium.
• Consumer industries --- finished products of these industries are directly consumed. For example – sugar, paper, toothpaste, fan etc..
On the basis of capital investment:
• Small scale industries in which maximum investment allowed in 1 crore.
• Large scale industries in which maximum investment is more than 1crore.
On the basis of ownership:
• Public sector industries are owned and operated by government. For example --- BHEL, SAIL.
• Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of people for example --- Bajaj Reliance industries and TATA steel,
• Joint sector industries are jointly run by the government and individual. For example Oil India Limited (OIL).
• Cooperative sector industries are owned by the producers of raw material for example --- Amul in Gujarat, Sugar industry in Maharashtra, COIR industry in Kerala.
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
• Heavy industries use heavy and bulky raw materials and their finished products are also heavy and bulky.
• Light industries use light raw material and produces light goods. Example --- electrical industries.
4. “ The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy” justify the statement.
• Textile industry contributes significantly about 14% to industrial production.
• It is a labour intensive industry employing directly 35 million person. In this respect it is the second largest after agriculture.
• It earns about 24.6% of foreign exchange through the export and accounts 4% of India’s GDP.
• It is the only industry in India which is self reliant.
5. Explain the problem faced by the cotton industry in India.
• Weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country.
• Government manufactures are forced to import fabrics.
• Scarcity of good quality cotton.
• Erratic power supply hampers production.
• Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sector.
• Low output of labour force.
• Stiff competition with synthetic fibre.
6. What are the factors for location of jute mills in West Bengal?
• Proximity of jute producing areas in hugli basin.
• Inexpensive water transport, support by a good network of railways and roads provide facility for the movement of raw material and finished goods.
• Availability of cheap labour force from west Bengal and neighbouring state.
• Port facility of Kolkatta for the export of jute goods.
• Availability of capital, banking and insurance facility
7. Name the countries which are the main importers of Indian jute product.
USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom and Australia.
8. “Jute industries in India has been facing many problem” Explain major methods adopted to solve them.
Problems---
• Partition of the country brought the first problem by which majority of jute mills remained in India and 3/4th of the jute producing areas went to east Pakistan (Bangladesh)
• Tough challenges in the international market from low price synthetic material.
• Stiff competition with export trade with Bangladesh, Egypt, Thailand, Philippines.
• Decline in the demands of jute packing materials.
• Low productivity of mills using outdated industry.
9. Why is the development of iron and steel industry very important for India?
• It is the basic industry as all the other industry depend on it for their machinery.
• Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defense, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a large number of consumers goods.
• Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of the country’s development.
• With 32.8 million tones of steel production India ranks among the steel producers of the world
10. Name the centres of 5 steel plants which are located in India.
(i) Durgapur and Burnpur ---- West Begal
(ii) Bokaro and Jamshedpur --- Jharkhand
(iii) Rourkela --- Orissa
(iv) Bhilai --- Chhattisgarh.
11. Which government agency markets the sttls of public sector steel plants?
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
12. State 4 problems of iron and steel in India and steps taken to improve this industry.
Problems ----
• High cost and limited availability of coking coal.
• Low productivity of labour force and poor infrastructure.
• Irregular supply of power.
• We have to import good quality of steel from other countries.
Steps taken----
• With the efforts of private entrepreneurs liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have given a boost to the industry.
• Allocation of resources for research and development to produce steel more competitively.
13. What is the importance of alluminium smelting industry?
• It is the second most important metal industy in India.
• Alluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and ductile. It becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
• It is used to manufacture, aircrafts, utensils and wires.
• It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.
• India has 8 alluminium plants in states of Orissa, west Bengal, Kerala, UP, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
14. How is chemical industries important for India?
• The industry is diversifying and growing very fast. It contributes about 3% of the GDP.
• India ranks 3rd in Asia and 12th in the world.
• It comprises both large and small manufacturing units which are widely distributed in the country.
• It is a basic industry because large number of industry like textile, leather, fertilizers, drugs, paints, soaps, paper, rubber, plastic, dye stiff and synthetic fibres.
15. Why is the development of cement industry very important.
• Cement is very essential for construction work such as building houses, factories and roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishment.
• India produces a variety of good quality cement which is in great demand in the countries of east Asia, middle east, Africa and South – Asia.
• Consumption of cement per head is also considered an index of economic development.
16. What are the raw materials required for manufacturing cement?
The raw materials required to manufacture cement are limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
17. “ Electronic industry of India has revolutionized the economy of the country” Justify the statement.
• The electronic industry manufacture a wide rang e of products such as transistor, television, telephone, computers etc..
• It produces many other equipment for the post and telegram department, defence, railways, airways etc..
• The industry also make a valuable contribution to India’s space technology.
• The IT industry up to 31st march 2005 employed over 1 million people and this number is expected to increase in next 3 to 4 years.
• It is very encouraging to know that 80% of people employed in IT sector are women.
• The industry has been a foreign exchange due to its fast growing business processor outsourcing (BPO) sector.
• Software technology parks have been developed at 18 places in different states example ---- Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai etc..
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1. Explain the importance of manufacturing industries.
(i) Manufacturing industries help us in modernizing agriculture which is the backbone of our economy.
(ii) They provide people a number of jobs in secondary and tertiary sector. Thus they reduce heavy dependence on agricultural sector.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce and give foreign exchange to our country.
(iv) Prosperous countries of the world are those in which raw materials are transformed into a variety of finished goods. Hence India’s prosperity lies in its development in manufacturing industries as equally as possible.
(v) Regional disparities are also reduced by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
2. Name the factors which influence the industrial location. What criteria is considered the most important.
a) Factors of industrial location are availability of raw material, labour, power, market and transport.
b) Manufacturing industries start at the place where all the above factors are available or they can be arranged at lower cost.
3. Classify industries on various basis.
On the basis of raw material:
• Agro based industries: use agricultural products as raw material. Example --- cotton, jute, silk, woolen textile, rubber, sugar, edible oil etc..
• Mineral based industries: are those which use minerals as raw material. Example --- iron and steel, cement, aluminium smelting industries.
On the basis of industries:
• Basic industries --- finished products of these industries are used as raw materials of other industries. Example --- iron and steel, copper and aluminium.
• Consumer industries --- finished products of these industries are directly consumed. For example – sugar, paper, toothpaste, fan etc..
On the basis of capital investment:
• Small scale industries in which maximum investment allowed in 1 crore.
• Large scale industries in which maximum investment is more than 1crore.
On the basis of ownership:
• Public sector industries are owned and operated by government. For example --- BHEL, SAIL.
• Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of people for example --- Bajaj Reliance industries and TATA steel,
• Joint sector industries are jointly run by the government and individual. For example Oil India Limited (OIL).
• Cooperative sector industries are owned by the producers of raw material for example --- Amul in Gujarat, Sugar industry in Maharashtra, COIR industry in Kerala.
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
• Heavy industries use heavy and bulky raw materials and their finished products are also heavy and bulky.
• Light industries use light raw material and produces light goods. Example --- electrical industries.
4. “ The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy” justify the statement.
• Textile industry contributes significantly about 14% to industrial production.
• It is a labour intensive industry employing directly 35 million person. In this respect it is the second largest after agriculture.
• It earns about 24.6% of foreign exchange through the export and accounts 4% of India’s GDP.
• It is the only industry in India which is self reliant.
5. Explain the problem faced by the cotton industry in India.
• Weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country.
• Government manufactures are forced to import fabrics.
• Scarcity of good quality cotton.
• Erratic power supply hampers production.
• Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sector.
• Low output of labour force.
• Stiff competition with synthetic fibre.
6. What are the factors for location of jute mills in West Bengal?
• Proximity of jute producing areas in hugli basin.
• Inexpensive water transport, support by a good network of railways and roads provide facility for the movement of raw material and finished goods.
• Availability of cheap labour force from west Bengal and neighbouring state.
• Port facility of Kolkatta for the export of jute goods.
• Availability of capital, banking and insurance facility
7. Name the countries which are the main importers of Indian jute product.
USA, Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom and Australia.
8. “Jute industries in India has been facing many problem” Explain major methods adopted to solve them.
Problems---
• Partition of the country brought the first problem by which majority of jute mills remained in India and 3/4th of the jute producing areas went to east Pakistan (Bangladesh)
• Tough challenges in the international market from low price synthetic material.
• Stiff competition with export trade with Bangladesh, Egypt, Thailand, Philippines.
• Decline in the demands of jute packing materials.
• Low productivity of mills using outdated industry.
9. Why is the development of iron and steel industry very important for India?
• It is the basic industry as all the other industry depend on it for their machinery.
• Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defense, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a large number of consumers goods.
• Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of the country’s development.
• With 32.8 million tones of steel production India ranks among the steel producers of the world
10. Name the centres of 5 steel plants which are located in India.
(i) Durgapur and Burnpur ---- West Begal
(ii) Bokaro and Jamshedpur --- Jharkhand
(iii) Rourkela --- Orissa
(iv) Bhilai --- Chhattisgarh.
11. Which government agency markets the sttls of public sector steel plants?
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
12. State 4 problems of iron and steel in India and steps taken to improve this industry.
Problems ----
• High cost and limited availability of coking coal.
• Low productivity of labour force and poor infrastructure.
• Irregular supply of power.
• We have to import good quality of steel from other countries.
Steps taken----
• With the efforts of private entrepreneurs liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have given a boost to the industry.
• Allocation of resources for research and development to produce steel more competitively.
13. What is the importance of alluminium smelting industry?
• It is the second most important metal industy in India.
• Alluminium is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and ductile. It becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
• It is used to manufacture, aircrafts, utensils and wires.
• It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.
• India has 8 alluminium plants in states of Orissa, west Bengal, Kerala, UP, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
14. How is chemical industries important for India?
• The industry is diversifying and growing very fast. It contributes about 3% of the GDP.
• India ranks 3rd in Asia and 12th in the world.
• It comprises both large and small manufacturing units which are widely distributed in the country.
• It is a basic industry because large number of industry like textile, leather, fertilizers, drugs, paints, soaps, paper, rubber, plastic, dye stiff and synthetic fibres.
15. Why is the development of cement industry very important.
• Cement is very essential for construction work such as building houses, factories and roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishment.
• India produces a variety of good quality cement which is in great demand in the countries of east Asia, middle east, Africa and South – Asia.
• Consumption of cement per head is also considered an index of economic development.
16. What are the raw materials required for manufacturing cement?
The raw materials required to manufacture cement are limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
17. “ Electronic industry of India has revolutionized the economy of the country” Justify the statement.
• The electronic industry manufacture a wide rang e of products such as transistor, television, telephone, computers etc..
• It produces many other equipment for the post and telegram department, defence, railways, airways etc..
• The industry also make a valuable contribution to India’s space technology.
• The IT industry up to 31st march 2005 employed over 1 million people and this number is expected to increase in next 3 to 4 years.
• It is very encouraging to know that 80% of people employed in IT sector are women.
• The industry has been a foreign exchange due to its fast growing business processor outsourcing (BPO) sector.
• Software technology parks have been developed at 18 places in different states example ---- Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai etc..
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