Chapter 7
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
1. How have the various means of transport and communication converted the world into a large village? Explain it with examples?
• We have now living in an age of superfast means of transport and most modern means of communication like satellites and internets.
• Due to the above facilities the national and international markets have developed. The whole country has now become a single market.
• Through air transport we can reach the remotest parts of the world. Through satellites we can communicate with any part of the world with in no time.
• Modern means of transport and communication have drastically reduced distances.
• Physical distances between countries have now become meaningless.
• Now it seems that the modern means of transport and communication have converted the world into a large village.
2. “Various means of transport and communication are called the lifelines of modern economy,” Explain.
• For an efficient functioning of the nation effective transport and communications are necessary.
• Economic development of a region or country depends upon the network of transport and communication.
• They help in industrial development by assembling raw materials at factory sites and quick distribution of finished products.
• They help in knitting the far-flung region into a single national economy.
• They are important both in times of peace and war and also during natural disaster.
• They create feelings of unity and oneness among the people by reducing social inequality, political fragmentation and economic isolation of remote areas.
3. How is road transportation advantageous and disadvantageous?
Advantages:
• Roads are highly suitable for rural areas and remote areas.
• Roads provide door-door service, hence cost of loading and unloading is low.
• It can be constructed even on steep slopes in hilly and rugged areas.
• Suitable for short and medium distances.
• They connect farms, fields, factories and markets.
• They are helpful in transporting perishable goods.
• Cost of construction is much lesser than the railways and airways.
• Roads help in the defense of the country.
Disadvantages:
- Not suitable for long distances.
- Cannot transport huge and bulky goods.
- Journey by road is not very comfortable.
- Prone to various accidents.
- Generally associated with traffic jams.
- Most of the vehicles cause environmental pollution.
- Cost of construction of road transport is higher than that of railways.
- Cost of maintenance of the roads are high.
- Half of the roads are un-surfaced.
Q.4. Write the advantages and disadvantages of rail network.
Advantages:
- Suitable for long distances.
- Provide links among major cities of the country.
- Ideal for transporting non perishable, heavy and bulky goods.
- Helpful in developing country’s economy and rational integration.
- Provides door to door service through its container service of goods.
Disadvantages:
- Delay caused due to transshipment of goods and passengers from one garage to other.
- Stops at fixed posts only.
- Less suitable for transporting perishable goods.
- Construction on high altitudes are difficult.
Q5. Explain the four main problems faced by Indian railways.
Problems faced by Indian railways are:
- Many passengers travel without tickets causing loss of railway revenue;
- They pull chains unnecessarily which leads to late running of trains.
- People stop trains which cause heavy losses to the railways.
- Theft and damage of railway property are service problems.
Q6. What is pipeline transportation? State its three important networks in India.
a) It is a mode of transportation in which petroleum, gas and solids in slurry form are transported over long distances
b) Important pipeline networks in India are:
1. From oil fields in upper Assam to Kanpur Via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad.
2. From Salaya in Gujrat to Jalandhar in Punjab.
3. Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujrat to Jagdishpur in UP and Vijay pur in Madhyapradesh. (HVJ)
4. Mumbai high to Mumbai.
5. Mimbai to Pune.
Q7. Explain the merits and demerits of Air transport by stating 2 points.
Merits
(i) It is the fastest mode of transport and hence it reduces the distance drastically and converted the world into one well knit unit.
(ii) It is free of all obstacles on land. Aero planes fly over mountains, deserts, forests, water bodies, etc. and take us to places not connected by roads, railways or waterways.
(iii) It is of special significance for the defense of a country in difficult terrain.
(iv) It plans a vital role in the event of natural and human made calamities like floods, famines, earthquakes, epidemics.
(v) It is highly suitable for sending valuable goods like life saving drugs, perishable commodities, mails etc.
Demerits:
1. It is the costliest mode of transport; hence it is beyond the reach of common people.
2. It is more adversely affected by bad weather conditions than any other means of transport.
3. It uses the air passage over any country only after its permission.
4. It creates sound pollution and during accidents chances of survival are very rare.
Q8. Classify the means of transport.
Means of transport are classified into
Land, water and air
Land transport is classified into - Road ways, Railways and Pipelines
Water transport is classified into - inland waterways and over seas waterways
Air transport is classified into - domestic airways and international air ways.
Q9. Describe super highways and their significance.
SUPER HIGHWAYS :
GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL:
This major road development project links the metropolitan cities of Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai and Kolkata. These are six lane superways.
NORTH SOUTH CORRIDOR AND EAST WEST CORRIDOR
North south corridor links Srinagar ( Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East west corridor connects Silcher ( Assam )to Porbandhar (Gujarat)
The main objectives of the super Highways are to reduce distance between mega cities. These highways are implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)
Q10. Describe different highways in India.
National Highways: These roads connect extreme parts of the country. They are laid and maintained by the central public works department (CPWD). Sher Shah Suri Marg is an important national highway.
State Highway: Roads that link the state capital. These roads are constructed and maintained by the state government.
District roads: These roads connect the district headquarters and important towns Maintained by zila parishad.
Other roads: These are the rural roads which link rural areas and villages. These roads got impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Border roads: maintained by the Border Roads Organisation a Government of India. These roads connect the strategic points and in accessible areas of the country.
Q11. How are roads classified on the basis of materials.
Metalled and un metalled (use of cement, concrete, coal etc..)
Q12. What are the factors that affect the distribution of railway net work?
Physiographic, economic and administrative factors affect the distributions of railways. . Example – The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief. Sparse population and lack of economic opportunities too affect the distribution.
Q13. Name the National waterways of India ?
Water ways are the cheapest means of transport. They carry passengers, heavy and bulky goods.
• Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia – N.W. No. 1 road
• The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri N.W. No. 2
• The west – coast canal in Kerala (kottapurma – Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals – (205 km) No. 3 are the national waterways.
Q14. What is the length of the coastline of India?
7,516.6 km. India has 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports
Q15. Why was the Kandla port created?
Kandla port was developed after the partition of India to ease the volume of trade on the mumbai port. Due to partition Karachi port was lost and Kandla port was created. Kandla is tidal port. It handles imports and exports.
Q16. Write a note on various ports of India.
Mumbai Port: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbour.
Jawaharlal Nehru port: was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai port and serve as hub port for this region.
Marmagao port: (Goa) is the premier iron ore exporting port of the country. It accounts 50% of India’s iron ore export.
New Mangalore port: located in Karnataka exdprts iron ore concentrated from kudremukh mines
Kochi: is the extreme south western port, located at the entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbor.
Q17. What is the main purpose of dividing Indian railways into different zones?
The main purpose of dividing Indian railways is the better management and development of railways in different zones. There are 16 railway zones in India.
The railway zones are named after Primary directions like North zone – New Delhi, South zone – Chennai, East zone – kolkatta, west zone – Mumbai church gate.
Q18. Describe any four improvements made in the rail transport in India.
1. Construction of new tracks in new areas
2. Conversion of single track into double track, metre gauge lines into broad gauge.
3. Computer reservation for both onward and return journeys.
4. Replacement of steam engines by diesel and electric engines.
5. Fast trains like Rajdhani and Shatabdi Express trains.
6. Introduction of container service for delivery of goods at door steps.
Q19. What are the four types of air ? state the areas of operation.
• Indian airlines and Alliance Air: These provide domestic air services to neighbouring countries of south east Asia and the Middle East.
• Air India: provides international air services.
• Pawanhans : provides helicopter services to oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off shore operations and to inaccessible areas and difficult terrain.
• Private airlines or air taxis: Two private scheduled airlines operate on domestic network and 38 companies operate non-scheduled airlines operate non scheduled air taxis.
Q20 Write a note on
a)personal communication: sending and receiving messages at the individual or personal level. The personal means of communications are postal services telegraph, telex, e-mail etc..
b) mass communication: provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.
c)Postal service:
• it is the largest network. It handles parcels as well as personal and written communications.
• Cards and envelopes are considered first class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air.
• The second class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals.
• They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport.
• mail channels have been introduced recently.
• They are called Rajdhani Channel, metro channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical channel.
c) Telecom network: It is one of the largest network in India. India has 37,565 telephone exchanges spread all over the country. More than two thirds of the villages in India are being covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) telephone facility for 24 hours. The rate of STD is uniform all over India.
d) International trade: It is the economic barometer of a country. Needs, resources and development among nations create conditions for the foreign trade. India exchanges surplus goods with other countries. Foreign trade helps India to improve its productivity in the production of manufactured goods which earn more money. It promotes economic growth, raising income levels of people. It helps our country to import advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production. The prosperity of a country depends on the advancement of its international trade.
e) Balance of trade: it is the difference between the values of exports and imports of a country in a given year.
Favourable trade: When the value of exports exceeds that of imports.
Unfavourable trade: When the value of imports exceeds that of exports.
f) Tourism: Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage,. Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of south India are important destinations of foreign tourists in India. This is an upcoming industry.
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
1. How have the various means of transport and communication converted the world into a large village? Explain it with examples?
• We have now living in an age of superfast means of transport and most modern means of communication like satellites and internets.
• Due to the above facilities the national and international markets have developed. The whole country has now become a single market.
• Through air transport we can reach the remotest parts of the world. Through satellites we can communicate with any part of the world with in no time.
• Modern means of transport and communication have drastically reduced distances.
• Physical distances between countries have now become meaningless.
• Now it seems that the modern means of transport and communication have converted the world into a large village.
2. “Various means of transport and communication are called the lifelines of modern economy,” Explain.
• For an efficient functioning of the nation effective transport and communications are necessary.
• Economic development of a region or country depends upon the network of transport and communication.
• They help in industrial development by assembling raw materials at factory sites and quick distribution of finished products.
• They help in knitting the far-flung region into a single national economy.
• They are important both in times of peace and war and also during natural disaster.
• They create feelings of unity and oneness among the people by reducing social inequality, political fragmentation and economic isolation of remote areas.
3. How is road transportation advantageous and disadvantageous?
Advantages:
• Roads are highly suitable for rural areas and remote areas.
• Roads provide door-door service, hence cost of loading and unloading is low.
• It can be constructed even on steep slopes in hilly and rugged areas.
• Suitable for short and medium distances.
• They connect farms, fields, factories and markets.
• They are helpful in transporting perishable goods.
• Cost of construction is much lesser than the railways and airways.
• Roads help in the defense of the country.
Disadvantages:
- Not suitable for long distances.
- Cannot transport huge and bulky goods.
- Journey by road is not very comfortable.
- Prone to various accidents.
- Generally associated with traffic jams.
- Most of the vehicles cause environmental pollution.
- Cost of construction of road transport is higher than that of railways.
- Cost of maintenance of the roads are high.
- Half of the roads are un-surfaced.
Q.4. Write the advantages and disadvantages of rail network.
Advantages:
- Suitable for long distances.
- Provide links among major cities of the country.
- Ideal for transporting non perishable, heavy and bulky goods.
- Helpful in developing country’s economy and rational integration.
- Provides door to door service through its container service of goods.
Disadvantages:
- Delay caused due to transshipment of goods and passengers from one garage to other.
- Stops at fixed posts only.
- Less suitable for transporting perishable goods.
- Construction on high altitudes are difficult.
Q5. Explain the four main problems faced by Indian railways.
Problems faced by Indian railways are:
- Many passengers travel without tickets causing loss of railway revenue;
- They pull chains unnecessarily which leads to late running of trains.
- People stop trains which cause heavy losses to the railways.
- Theft and damage of railway property are service problems.
Q6. What is pipeline transportation? State its three important networks in India.
a) It is a mode of transportation in which petroleum, gas and solids in slurry form are transported over long distances
b) Important pipeline networks in India are:
1. From oil fields in upper Assam to Kanpur Via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad.
2. From Salaya in Gujrat to Jalandhar in Punjab.
3. Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujrat to Jagdishpur in UP and Vijay pur in Madhyapradesh. (HVJ)
4. Mumbai high to Mumbai.
5. Mimbai to Pune.
Q7. Explain the merits and demerits of Air transport by stating 2 points.
Merits
(i) It is the fastest mode of transport and hence it reduces the distance drastically and converted the world into one well knit unit.
(ii) It is free of all obstacles on land. Aero planes fly over mountains, deserts, forests, water bodies, etc. and take us to places not connected by roads, railways or waterways.
(iii) It is of special significance for the defense of a country in difficult terrain.
(iv) It plans a vital role in the event of natural and human made calamities like floods, famines, earthquakes, epidemics.
(v) It is highly suitable for sending valuable goods like life saving drugs, perishable commodities, mails etc.
Demerits:
1. It is the costliest mode of transport; hence it is beyond the reach of common people.
2. It is more adversely affected by bad weather conditions than any other means of transport.
3. It uses the air passage over any country only after its permission.
4. It creates sound pollution and during accidents chances of survival are very rare.
Q8. Classify the means of transport.
Means of transport are classified into
Land, water and air
Land transport is classified into - Road ways, Railways and Pipelines
Water transport is classified into - inland waterways and over seas waterways
Air transport is classified into - domestic airways and international air ways.
Q9. Describe super highways and their significance.
SUPER HIGHWAYS :
GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL:
This major road development project links the metropolitan cities of Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai and Kolkata. These are six lane superways.
NORTH SOUTH CORRIDOR AND EAST WEST CORRIDOR
North south corridor links Srinagar ( Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East west corridor connects Silcher ( Assam )to Porbandhar (Gujarat)
The main objectives of the super Highways are to reduce distance between mega cities. These highways are implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)
Q10. Describe different highways in India.
National Highways: These roads connect extreme parts of the country. They are laid and maintained by the central public works department (CPWD). Sher Shah Suri Marg is an important national highway.
State Highway: Roads that link the state capital. These roads are constructed and maintained by the state government.
District roads: These roads connect the district headquarters and important towns Maintained by zila parishad.
Other roads: These are the rural roads which link rural areas and villages. These roads got impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Border roads: maintained by the Border Roads Organisation a Government of India. These roads connect the strategic points and in accessible areas of the country.
Q11. How are roads classified on the basis of materials.
Metalled and un metalled (use of cement, concrete, coal etc..)
Q12. What are the factors that affect the distribution of railway net work?
Physiographic, economic and administrative factors affect the distributions of railways. . Example – The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief. Sparse population and lack of economic opportunities too affect the distribution.
Q13. Name the National waterways of India ?
Water ways are the cheapest means of transport. They carry passengers, heavy and bulky goods.
• Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia – N.W. No. 1 road
• The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri N.W. No. 2
• The west – coast canal in Kerala (kottapurma – Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals – (205 km) No. 3 are the national waterways.
Q14. What is the length of the coastline of India?
7,516.6 km. India has 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports
Q15. Why was the Kandla port created?
Kandla port was developed after the partition of India to ease the volume of trade on the mumbai port. Due to partition Karachi port was lost and Kandla port was created. Kandla is tidal port. It handles imports and exports.
Q16. Write a note on various ports of India.
Mumbai Port: Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and well sheltered harbour.
Jawaharlal Nehru port: was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai port and serve as hub port for this region.
Marmagao port: (Goa) is the premier iron ore exporting port of the country. It accounts 50% of India’s iron ore export.
New Mangalore port: located in Karnataka exdprts iron ore concentrated from kudremukh mines
Kochi: is the extreme south western port, located at the entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbor.
Q17. What is the main purpose of dividing Indian railways into different zones?
The main purpose of dividing Indian railways is the better management and development of railways in different zones. There are 16 railway zones in India.
The railway zones are named after Primary directions like North zone – New Delhi, South zone – Chennai, East zone – kolkatta, west zone – Mumbai church gate.
Q18. Describe any four improvements made in the rail transport in India.
1. Construction of new tracks in new areas
2. Conversion of single track into double track, metre gauge lines into broad gauge.
3. Computer reservation for both onward and return journeys.
4. Replacement of steam engines by diesel and electric engines.
5. Fast trains like Rajdhani and Shatabdi Express trains.
6. Introduction of container service for delivery of goods at door steps.
Q19. What are the four types of air ? state the areas of operation.
• Indian airlines and Alliance Air: These provide domestic air services to neighbouring countries of south east Asia and the Middle East.
• Air India: provides international air services.
• Pawanhans : provides helicopter services to oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off shore operations and to inaccessible areas and difficult terrain.
• Private airlines or air taxis: Two private scheduled airlines operate on domestic network and 38 companies operate non-scheduled airlines operate non scheduled air taxis.
Q20 Write a note on
a)personal communication: sending and receiving messages at the individual or personal level. The personal means of communications are postal services telegraph, telex, e-mail etc..
b) mass communication: provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.
c)Postal service:
• it is the largest network. It handles parcels as well as personal and written communications.
• Cards and envelopes are considered first class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air.
• The second class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals.
• They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport.
• mail channels have been introduced recently.
• They are called Rajdhani Channel, metro channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical channel.
c) Telecom network: It is one of the largest network in India. India has 37,565 telephone exchanges spread all over the country. More than two thirds of the villages in India are being covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) telephone facility for 24 hours. The rate of STD is uniform all over India.
d) International trade: It is the economic barometer of a country. Needs, resources and development among nations create conditions for the foreign trade. India exchanges surplus goods with other countries. Foreign trade helps India to improve its productivity in the production of manufactured goods which earn more money. It promotes economic growth, raising income levels of people. It helps our country to import advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production. The prosperity of a country depends on the advancement of its international trade.
e) Balance of trade: it is the difference between the values of exports and imports of a country in a given year.
Favourable trade: When the value of exports exceeds that of imports.
Unfavourable trade: When the value of imports exceeds that of exports.
f) Tourism: Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage,. Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of south India are important destinations of foreign tourists in India. This is an upcoming industry.
No comments:
Post a Comment